In the case of Mexico, the official quality distinction of territorial products has been scarce, as so far only eighteen goods with protected designation of origin (PDO) have been legally recognized, and some of them were so because they were the demands of big business consortiums or of bureaucratic actions that are later exploited by industrial interests for export purposes rather than true recognition of territorial cultural identities and organized peasants. Recent analyses of the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic suggest raising the need for adjustments to make food production and consumption sustainable and to encourage reflection on how a PGI good should be linked to a sustainable type of rural territorial development.
The results highlight that socio-environmental problems and market failures are related to the obstacles such as the lack of collective action of dairy farmers and the absence of a local governance system that regulates the market and promotes quality, food safety and sustainable practices in the territory.
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The methodology is a combination of qualitative and quantitative 68 interviews were conducted with dairy farmers in the study area, and MFA and ATLAS.ti software were used. However, with further development of collective action of local dairy farmers, it is possible to promote PGIs for the regional market by taking advantage of the opportunity offered by the new labeling policy of the current federal government. In addition, there was a negative impact of NAFTA on local products, and it persists with the recent USMCA.
Currently, local dairy production satisfies the demand of a parastatal company, marginally supplies the local consumption of fresh milk and is the supplier of the input for the production of a typical low-value ranchero cheese with local demand. The aim of this article is to analyze why there are hindrances to the development of PGI products in Mexico, based on the case study of dairy farming in the Cienega de Chapala, Michoacan.
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